GitLab学习笔记

maiaimei 2024/6/9 GitLab

GitLab，由GitLabInc.开发，使用MIT许可证的基于网络的Git仓库管理工具，且具有wiki和issue跟踪功能。使用Git作为代码管理工具，并在此基础上搭建起来的web服务。可以理解为Github的私服版。

# Install GitLab

Linux 安装包安装是一种快速的安装方式，而且容易升级。安装包中包含了运行极狐GitLab 所需要的所有服务和工具，这种方式也被称之为 Omnibus 安装。Omnibus 安装所需的最少内存为 4GB（可查阅最低安装需求 (opens new window)）。

各操作系统对应的不同版本的安装包可以在极狐GitLab 安装包仓库 (opens new window)进行查看和下载。

极狐GitLab 对于不同 OS 的支持策略可以查看极狐GitLab 官方文档 (opens new window)。

# Installation system requirements

推荐使用 Ubuntu 或 CentOS 等主流Linux发行版。最低推荐配置：

内存：至少2GB RAM（推荐4GB或更多）。
存储空间：至少20GB的可用存储空间（根据需求可适当增加）。

此外，你还需要拥有root或sudo权限，以便在服务器上执行命令。

# Install GitLab by using Linux package

Linux package, previously known as Omnibus (opens new window).

The official deb and rpm packages. The Linux package has GitLab and dependent components, including PostgreSQL, Redis, and Sidekiq.

Install pygpgme, a package which allows yum to handle gpg (opens new window) signatures, and a package called yum-utils which contains the tools you need for installing source RPMs.

sudo yum install pygpgme yum-utils

You may need to install the EPEL repository (opens new window) for your system to install these packages. If you do not install pygpgme, GPG verification will not work.

Create a file named /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.repo that contains the repository configuration below.

Make sure to replace el and 6 in the config below with your Linux distribution and version (opens new window):

[gitlab_gitlab-ce]
name=gitlab_gitlab-ce
baseurl=https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/el/6/$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/gpgkey
       https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/gpgkey/gitlab-gitlab-ce-3D645A26AB9FBD22.pub.gpg
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

[gitlab_gitlab-ce-source]
name=gitlab_gitlab-ce-source
baseurl=https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/el/6/SRPMS
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/gpgkey
       https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/gpgkey/gitlab-gitlab-ce-3D645A26AB9FBD22.pub.gpg
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

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A simple gitlab_gitlab-ce.repo:

[gitlab_gitlab-ce]
name=gitlab_gitlab-ce
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

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Valid options for os and dist parameters can be found in our supported OS list in the docs (opens new window).

Update your local yum cache by running.

# sudo yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='gitlab_gitlab-ce'
yum clean all
yum makecache

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You can now install packages from your repository.

yum -y install gitlab-ce			#安装最新版
yum -y install gitlab-ce-17.0.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64		#安装指定版本

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Configure and start GitLab.

gitlab-ctl reconfigure
gitlab-ctl status
gitlab-ctl start

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# Install GitLab by using Docker

GitLab Docker (opens new window)镜像是GitLab在单个容器中运行所有必要服务的整体镜像。

docker pull gitlab/gitlab-ce

mkdir -p /srv/gitlab
export GITLAB_HOME=/srv/gitlab

#   --restart always \
#	--hostname gitlab.example.com \
docker run --detach \
  --publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 8022:22 \
  --name gitlab \
  --volume $GITLAB_HOME/config:/etc/gitlab \
  --volume $GITLAB_HOME/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
  --volume $GITLAB_HOME/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
  --privileged \
  gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
  
docker logs -f gitlab

docker exec -it gitlab /bin/bash

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# Configure GitLab

停止 GitLab

gitlab-ctl stop

修改配置

cd /etc/gitlab
cp gitlab.rb gitlab.rb.backup
vim gitlab.rb

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域名配置

external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com'

邮件配置

gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "1211674185@qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "smtp password"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = '1211674185@qq.com'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'gitlab'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_reply_to'] = '1211674185@qq.com'

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性能调优

prometheus['enable'] = false
postgresql['shared_buffers'] = "128MB"
postgresql['max_worker_processes'] = 2

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重新配置 GitLab

gitlab-ctl reconfigure

启动 GitLab

gitlab-ctl start

# Reset password

打开Rails控制台。

# For Omnibus installations (Linux package)
sudo gitlab-rails console

# For source installations
sudo -u git rails console -e production

# For docker
docker exec -it <container-id> gitlab-rails console

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查找用户。

# By username:
user = User.find_by_username 'root'

# By user ID:
user = User.find(1)

# By email address:
user = User.find_by(email: 'root@example.com')

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通过设置user.password和user.password_confirmation的值重置密码。

# 设置新的随机密码
# new_password = ::User.random_password
# 为新密码设置特定值
new_password = '123456'
user.password = new_password
user.password_confirmation = new_password
user.password_automatically_set = false

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保存更改。
```
user.save!
```
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退出控制台。
```
exit
```
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# Use GitLab

gitlab-ctl start
gitlab-ctl stop
gitlab-ctl restart
gitlab-ctl status

# 重新配置
gitlab-ctl reconfigure

# 查看日志
gitlab-ctl tail

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# Use SSH keys to communicate with GitLab

refer to https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/ssh.html (opens new window)

# Store Git data in an alternative directory

By default, Linux package installations store the Git repository data under /var/opt/gitlab/git-data. The repositories are stored in a subfolder called repositories.

refer to https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#store-git-data-in-an-alternative-directory (opens new window)